{"id":933,"date":"2024-06-28T15:44:58","date_gmt":"2024-06-28T12:44:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/batinyilmaz.av.tr\/?p=933"},"modified":"2025-11-19T02:49:46","modified_gmt":"2025-11-18T23:49:46","slug":"metaverse-hukuku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/batinyilmaz.av.tr\/ru\/metaverse-hukuku\/","title":{"rendered":"Metaverse Hukuku"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0417\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/batinyilmaz.av.tr\/ru\/metaverse-hukuku\/#Metaverse_Tazminat_Talepleri\" >Metaverse Tazminat Talepleri<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/batinyilmaz.av.tr\/ru\/metaverse-hukuku\/#Tazminat_Taleplerine_Konu_Yargilama_Hukuku\" >Tazminat Taleplerine Konu Yarg\u0131lama Hukuku<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/batinyilmaz.av.tr\/ru\/metaverse-hukuku\/#Metaverse_Evreninde_Ceza_Hukuku\" >Metaverse Evreninde Ceza Hukuku<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/batinyilmaz.av.tr\/ru\/metaverse-hukuku\/#Sonuc_Olarak\" >Sonu\u00e7 Olarak;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Metaverse olarak tan\u0131mlanan, kimilerine g\u00f6re \u2018 \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131k \u2019 kimilerine g\u00f6re ise \u2018 gelece\u011fin d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni \u2019 olarak yorumlanan sanal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin, zaman ve mekan ay\u0131rt etmeksizin ad\u0131ndan bu denli s\u00f6z ettirmesi ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 hukuk ba\u011flam\u0131nda bir \u00e7ok soruyu ak\u0131llara getiriyor. Makalemize konu olan Metaverse\u2019nin, mekan ve m\u00fclkilik prensiplerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek hukuksal problemlerin nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclece\u011fi, problemlerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde hangi hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 gibi bir \u00e7ok soru g\u00fcndeme gelecektir. Ancak metaverse, ger\u00e7ekten \u2018 gelece\u011fin d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni \u2019 olabilmeyi ba\u015far\u0131r ise, yaln\u0131zca metaverse ger\u00e7ekli\u011fine ait yerel mevzuatlarla desteklenecek spesifik normlar i\u00e7eren yeni bir kanun ya da uluslararas\u0131 antla\u015fmalar\u0131n g\u00fcndeme gelmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olacakt\u0131r. Makalemizin konusu, Metaverse d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ilerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 izahtan vareste olan baz\u0131 problemler ve bu problemler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hem ceza hukuku hem de \u00f6zel hukuk normlar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l tatbik edilece\u011fi hususu olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Metaverse ya da sanal evren, insanlar\u0131n hi\u00e7bir fiziksel \u00e7aba harcamaks\u0131z\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sanal ger\u00e7eklik cihazlar\u0131 sayesinde tamamen zihinsel olarak kendilerini hissettikleri alg\u0131sal evrene denir. (Koerber 2021) Uzun uzad\u0131ya, Metaversenin ne oldu\u011funu anlatmaktan ziyade, ilgili konuyu hukuksal a\u00e7\u0131dan de\u011ferlendirmek daha yerinde olacakt\u0131r. Gelecekte yeni d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni ile birlikte ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek baz\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n tespitini bug\u00fcnden tahmin etmek g\u00fc\u00e7 bir durum de\u011fildir. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n var oldu\u011fu g\u00fcnden bug\u00fcne dek s\u00fcregelen ve her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn geli\u015fen hukuk sisteminin dahi engel olamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 problemler, muhakkak metaverse evreninde de var olacakt\u0131r. Bu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek problemleri \u00fc\u00e7 ana soru kapsam\u0131nda inceleyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Metaverse d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda haks\u0131z fiilere dayal\u0131 tazminat talepleri nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131lanabilir?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tazminat taleplere konu yarg\u0131lamalarda hangi hukuk kural\u0131 uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Metaverse d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki fiillerin, ceza hukuku kapsam\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ne olacakt\u0131r?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Metaverse_Tazminat_Talepleri\"><\/span>Metaverse Tazminat Talepleri<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gelecekte metaverse d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda yer alan ki\u015filerin ba\u015fkaca ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131, mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da ki\u015filik hakk\u0131 ihlallerine yol a\u00e7an haks\u0131z fiillerinin sonucunda meydana gelen ma\u011fduriyetlerin elbette giderilmesi gerekmektedir. Ancak \u00f6ncelikle bu ma\u011fduriyetlerin hangi hukuksal zeminde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulaca\u011f\u0131 hususu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmelidir. \u00d6rnek vermek gerekirse T\u00fcrk hukuk sisteminde tazminat alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle bir haks\u0131z fiil olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu haks\u0131z fiil neticesinde meydana gelen bir zarar olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Son olarak zarar ile haks\u0131z fiil aras\u0131nda illiyet ba\u011f\u0131 bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Alman hukuk sisteminde T\u00fcrk hukuk sistemi gibi genel bir durum olmay\u0131p, Alman Medeni Kanunu\u2019nda hangi haklar\u0131n ihlal edilmesi durumunda haks\u0131z fiilin meydana gelece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tahdidi olarak say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130svi\u00e7re hukuku ise, T\u00fcrk hukuk sistemi gibi bir kural belirlemi\u015f olup, haks\u0131z fiil i\u00e7in genel bir tan\u0131mlama yapmakla yetinmi\u015ftir. Bu a\u015famada hangi fiillerin haks\u0131z fiil te\u015fkil edece\u011fi sorusundan ziyade, meydana gelen ma\u011fduriyetlerin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131nda hangi hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 sorusu daha \u00f6nemlidir. Fiillerin nitelendirilmesinde ma\u011fdur a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u015fahsilik \u00f6nem kazanacak ve talebe g\u00f6re yarg\u0131lamalar yap\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7e\u015fitli kararlar verilecektir. Gelecekte <strong>Metaverse<\/strong> d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda haks\u0131z fiil neticesinde olu\u015facak olan maddi ve manevi tazminat miktar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi hususunda ise<em><strong> metaverse hukuku<\/strong><\/em> olu\u015fturulana dek, uluslararas\u0131 tahkim yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131na at\u0131f yap\u0131larak yarg\u0131lamalar yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Metaverse her ne kadar mekan olgusundan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olsa da, insandan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olamayaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tazminat taleplerinin k\u0131yas y\u00f6ntemiyle tespit edilmesi ve kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7 olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tazminat_Taleplerine_Konu_Yargilama_Hukuku\"><\/span>Tazminat Taleplerine Konu Yarg\u0131lama Hukuku<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Metaverse d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak olan yarg\u0131lamalarda hangi hukuk kural\u0131 uygulanacakt\u0131r? \u00d6ncelikle \u015funu belirtmek gerekir; Metaverse denilen sanal d\u00fcnya, ideolojik olarak liberal; ekonomik olarak ise kapitalist, kusursuzu hedefleyen bir d\u00fczen \u00fczerine kurulacakt\u0131r. Metaverse, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz devlet s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, insanlar\u0131n herhangi bir s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya tabi olmayaca\u011f\u0131, ne uluslararas\u0131 bir yap\u0131yla insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacakt\u0131r. Burada g\u00fcndeme gelecek soru ise, metaverse d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda yer alan <strong>hukuki<\/strong> uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar hangi mahkemelerde, hangi hukuk kurallar\u0131 uygulanarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenece\u011fi sorusudur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki uluslararas\u0131 hukuki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar, farkl\u0131 devlet ve milletlerin farkl\u0131 hukuk sistemleri olmas\u0131 sebebiyle, uluslararas\u0131 mevzuat ve anla\u015fmalarla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Yine bu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar uluslararas\u0131 tahkim yolu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen yarg\u0131lama yetkisine sahip mahkeme ve hakemler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Metaverse gelecekte yeni bir d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni olu\u015fturacaksa, bu konuda ku\u015fkusuz yeni hukuk kurallar\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 mevzuatlara gerek duyulacakt\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerindeki hukuk uygulamalar\u0131nda \u00f6nce belli ba\u015fl\u0131 problemler meydana gelir. Bu problemlerin devam etmesi durumunda ise \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm y\u00f6ntemleri ve yapt\u0131r\u0131m hukuku geli\u015fir. Metaverse evreninde de bu b\u00f6yle olacakt\u0131r. \u00d6nce uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar meydana gelecek ve uluslararas\u0131 tahkim ve hakem kararlar\u0131 nazara al\u0131narak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lacak ve problemlerin devam etmesi durumunda yeni hukuk kurallar\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm y\u00f6ntemleri geli\u015ftirilecektir. Ancak t\u00fcm bu izah edilen durumlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in insanlar\u0131n, metaverse ger\u00e7ekli\u011fine al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, buna sahip \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131 ve uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n da bu ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi basitle\u015ftirmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Metaverse_Evreninde_Ceza_Hukuku\"><\/span>Metaverse Evreninde Ceza Hukuku<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Metaverse ger\u00e7ekli\u011finde meydana gelen mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlali neticesinde meydana gelen tazminat talepleri \u00f6zel hukukun konusu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in baz\u0131 hukuk sistemlerine ve uluslararas\u0131 hukuk normlar\u0131na at\u0131f yap\u0131larak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenecektir. Ancak ceza hukuku ise tabiat\u0131 ve s\u00fcregelen geli\u015fimi gere\u011fi at\u0131f ve k\u0131yas\u0131n pek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu durumlarda ise bir \u00e7ok ele\u015ftirilerin y\u00f6neltildi\u011fi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel farkl\u0131l\u0131klara ba\u011fl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ma\u011fduriyetlere yol a\u00e7an bir hukuk dal\u0131d\u0131r. Sanal evrende, ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filerin y\u00f6nlendirmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak hareket kabiliyetine sahip avatarlar\u0131n, profillerin eylemlerinin su\u00e7 olarak nitelendirilmesi durumunda nas\u0131l bir ceza tatbik edilecektir? Uluslararas\u0131 ilkesel bir team\u00fcl olan, milletlerin ceza kanunlar\u0131 ve anayasalar\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, cezalar\u0131n \u015fahsili\u011fi prensibi g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemek suretiyle, bir uluslararas\u0131 <strong>ceza mevzuat\u0131<\/strong> tanzim edilmesi hususu g\u00fcndeme gelecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sonuc_Olarak\"><\/span>Sonu\u00e7 Olarak;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sanal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin hukuk prensiplerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z var olmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemeyece\u011finden metaversenin, yeni d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni olma iddias\u0131 var ise, <strong>\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d<\/strong> ve adaletin kusursuza en yak\u0131n bi\u00e7imde uygulanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Metaverse geli\u015fim ve de\u011fi\u015fim sa\u011flad\u0131k\u00e7a bu alanda ma\u011fduriyetler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak ve ma\u011fduriyetlere dayal\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm y\u00f6ntemlerinin geli\u015ftirilmesi hukuk sisteminin olu\u015fumuna ve geli\u015fimine katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Metaverse olarak tan\u0131mlanan, kimilerine g\u00f6re \u2018 \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131k \u2019 kimilerine g\u00f6re ise \u2018 gelece\u011fin d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni \u2019 olarak yorumlanan sanal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin, zaman ve mekan ay\u0131rt etmeksizin ad\u0131ndan bu denli s\u00f6z ettirmesi ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 hukuk ba\u011flam\u0131nda bir \u00e7ok soruyu ak\u0131llara getiriyor. Makalemize konu olan Metaverse\u2019nin, mekan ve m\u00fclkilik prensiplerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek hukuksal problemlerin [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2176,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[65,66,67],"class_list":["post-933","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-internet-hukuku","tag-metaverse-evreninde-ceza-hukuku","tag-metaverse-hukuku","tag-metaverse-tazminat-talepleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/batinyilmaz.av.tr\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/933","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/batinyilmaz.av.tr\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/batinyilmaz.av.tr\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/batinyilmaz.av.tr\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/batinyilmaz.av.tr\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=933"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/batinyilmaz.av.tr\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/933\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/batinyilmaz.av.tr\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2176"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/batinyilmaz.av.tr\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=933"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/batinyilmaz.av.tr\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=933"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/batinyilmaz.av.tr\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=933"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}